Purported antiaging effects mostly rely on in vitro studies of antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.5, Topical application of P. multiflorum has to induced follicular keratinocyte proliferation in mice.19, 20 The inhibition of tyrosinase activity in mice melanocytes has also been demonstrated,21 and compounds isolated from P. multiflorum roots induced a greater proliferation of dermal papilla cells than minoxidil in an in vitro study.22. Directions: To use as a tea, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tsp. Polygonum multiflorum var. Most species are considered weedy, especially in moist soils in the USA. Polygonatum multiflorum. Fo-Ti or He Shou Wu is considered a powerful longevity herb in the system of Chinese Medicine. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. 1 Fleeceflower root is widely produced across China, including in the Henan, Hubei, Guizhou, provinces. 10.1 Other Names: 11 Historical Use of Polygonum multiflorum. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. hypoleucum It is native to Central and southern China. It is a perennial climbing herb that can grow to 9 m in height. Hepatotoxicity is largely reversible; however, deaths have been reported.50, 51, 52 Nephrotoxicity and embryonic toxicity53 have also been reported and attributed to the quinone constituents emodin and rhein.5, 37, Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside and emodin appear to have neuro-, nephro-, and hepatoprotective effects.30, 32, 43, 48, 54 In mice, processing the raw roots increased emodin and decreased tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside content and diminished observed toxicity.13, In rats, tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside was detected in the liver and lungs in the highest concentrations, but not in brain and testes tissues.6 Mutagenicity and toxicity to lung tissue have also been described.5. Ho-shou-wu (pinyin: heshouwu) is derived from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum.The herb was first recorded (1,2,16) in the Ri Huazi Bencao (Tang Dynasty, 713 A.D.) and then incorporated into the well-known Kaibao Bencao (Song Dynasty; 973 A.D.). Latin Name Common Name Habit Height Hardiness Growth Soil Shade Moisture Edible Medicinal Other; Polygonum alaskanum: Alaska Wild Rhubarb: Perennial: 1.8 - LMH: SN: M: 2: 1 : Polygonum alpinum: Alpine Knotweed, Alaska wild rhubarb: Perennial: 1.0: 4-8 LMH: SN: M: 2: 1 Taxonomic Serial No. Common names include knotweed, knotgrass, bistort, tearthumb, mile-a-minute, smartweed and several others. As a Chinese herb, it was recorded most early in “Kaibao Bencao” published by the imperial court of the Song Dynasty (973-974 A.D.) [1 1. [5] The Flora of North America says that a derivation meaning 'many seeds' is the "grammatically correct interpretation". A number of species that had been included in Polygonum have been moved into several other genera, including Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Koenigia, Persicaria and Reynoutria. Lin HW, Sun MX, Wang YH, et al. Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. 7.1 Other Names: 8 Historical Use of Polygonum multiflorum. The processed root has been used to lower cholesterol levels in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is probably best known for it’s ability to turn grey hair dark again. The plant may also be nephro-, neuro-, and embryotoxic. [1] There have been various opinions about how broadly the genus should be defined. The roots are the main plant part of interest and are harvested and dried in autumn when they are 3 to 4 years of age, but the stems and leaves are also used. Raw, wine- or steam-processed, or cured fo-ti is available in the United States.1, 2, 3, 4, Radix Polygoni multiflori or he shou wu is a popular Chinese tonic herb, whose usage dates back to 713 AD.2 Fo-ti appears to be a name given to the preparation for use in areas where Chinese is not the primary language.4 It is considered one of the country's great 4 herbal tonics, along with angelica, lycium, and panax, and is used to increase liver and kidney function and to cleanse the blood.3 The plant is also prescribed for symptoms of premature aging, such as gray hair, and is commonly found in hair care products in China.2, 4 It is also used to treat insomnia, weak bones, constipation, and atherosclerosis.2 Regarded as a rejuvenating plant, fo-ti has been thought to prevent aging and promote longevity. Other reviews suggest an idiopathic nature to the toxicity, with more than 400 cases reported. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. Fo-Ti is believed to als… Molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly in the 21st century, have led to major changes. General Information Polygonum multiflorum is a Perennial Climber up to 4.50 metres tall. Reynoutria multiflora ( synonyms Fallopia multiflora and Polygonum multiflorum) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. Hepatotoxicity has been documented.50, 51, 52 GI symptoms, including diarrhea, may be due to consuming raw or improperly processed fo-ti.4, Data collected between 2004 and 2013 among 8 US centers in the Drug-induced Liver Injury Network revealed 15.5% (130) of hepatotoxicity cases was caused by herbals and dietary supplements whereas 85% (709) were related to medications. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. There have been various opinions about how broadly the genus should be defined. The processed root has been used to lower cholesterol levels in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Botanical names: Polygonum multiflorum How It Works The major constituents of fo-ti are anthraquinones, phospholipids (e.g., lecithin), tannins, and tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside. Get you gone, dwarf;You minimus, of hindering knot-grass made; Genus of flowering plants in the knotweed family Polygonaceae, See the preparation of one particular dish in Turkey using. Clinical trials are lacking to support claims for therapeutic purposes, but topical applications for the treatment of alopecia and a role in neurodegenerative diseases are being investigated. Last updated on Dec 12, 2019. Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Plant Description: Chinese knotweed is a herbaceous vine, which quickly spreads and covers any available surfaces. Several species can be eaten cooked,[11] for example during famines. Overall, the number of severe liver injury cases was significantly higher from supplements than conventional medications (P=0.02). View abstract. Um MY, Choi WH, Aan JY, Kim SR, Ha TY. This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. : 823837 (Download Help) Polygonum multiflorum TSN 823837 Taxonomy and Nomenclature Kingdom: Plantae : Taxonomic Rank: Species : Common Name(s): tuber fleeceflower [English] Accepted Name(s): Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) P. multiflorum is used at daily doses of 9 to 15 g of raw herb, but clinical studies are lacking. Polygonum is a genus in the Polygonaceae family. Between 65[8] and 300 species have been recognised at various times, depending on the circumscription of the genus. In the Middle English glossary of herbs Alphita (c. 1400–1425), it was known as ars-smerte. P. multiflorum is native to central and southern China and is also distributed in Japan and Taiwan. Of the 130 related cases of liver injury related to supplements, 65% were from non-bodybuilding supplements and occurred most often in Hispanic/Latinos compared to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. It is native to central and southern China. In the Middle English glossary of herbs Alphita (c. 1400-1425), it was known as ars-smerte. Clinical trials reporting on efficacy are limited.4, A mixture including he shou wu has been studied for its effects on the glucocorticoid receptor in senile rat thymocytes.15 An effect of emoghrelin, derived from P. multiflorum, stimulated growth hormone in vitro,16 and tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside protected against the thinning of mice derma associated with aging.17 Lifespan and lipid studies of he shou wu in quails have been performed.18, There are no clinical data regarding the use of P. multiflorum for antiaging effects. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. The fruit is three-sided. .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, Polygonum ciliinode (syn. For example, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has sometimes been included in the genus as Polygonum fagopyrum. Embryonic toxicity has been reported. Habitat: Polygonum multiflorum is widely seen in all parts of China and it is cultivated all around the country. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this product. Haraldson – tuber fleeceflower. Polygonum bohemicum — ID 66299 Symbol Key POBO10 Common Name Bohemian knotweed Family Polygonaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Cultivated, or not in the U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution N/A Growth Habit N/A … They have a membranous ochrea (a sheath around the stem nodes). Directions. Planta Med 2010;76(9):889-92. Evidence of hepatic injury in humans exists; consider P. multiflorum and its extracts hepatotoxic. No Image. A standard dose in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is 3 to 12 g/day.50, P. multiflorum is usually used in combination with other traditional products.4, 5, Avoid use. Hepatotoxicity has been documented. Polygonum species are occasionally eaten by humans, and are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species – see list. When the genus is defined narrowly, Polygonum species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shrubby, with much branched stems. In vitro studies in tissues of the CNS report decreased neuroinflammation via inhibition of microglia activation,30 promotion of hippocampal synaptic plasticity,31 antioxidant effect in hippocampal and other cells,32, 33, 34, 35 and the reduction of amyloid peptide production.36 In contrast, an in vitro study using cultured mouse cortical neurons showed an extract of P. multiflorum to be neurotoxic.37 In a study conducted in rats, tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside reversed impaired learning and memory; histological changes were observed in the hippocampus.38, P. multiflorum extracts are traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine and in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cognitive disorders; however, clinical studies are lacking.37 One study conducted among patients with Alzheimer disease (N = 209) reported that the extract was effective; details of the methodology are unclear.39, Effects on triglyceride and total cholesterol regulation have been demonstrated by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside, emodin, and physcion in mice and in vitro.40, 41, 42, 43 Raw fo-ti appeared to be more effective than processed fo-ti in 1 study.41, There are no clinical data regarding the use of P. multiflorum in dyslipidemia; however, both raw and cured fo-ti are used in traditional Chinese medicine for dyslipidemia.4, In vitro studies have shown that extracts of P. multiflorum possess antioxidant properties.30, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects have also been reported.5 Reduction in the production of glycation end products in diabetes has been demonstrated in vitro.49, In contrast to the known hepatotoxicity of P. multiflorum extracts,50, 51, 52 tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside and emodin appear to have hepatoprotective effects.30, 32, 43, 48, P. multiflorum is used at daily doses of 9 to 15 g of raw herb, but clinical studies are lacking. Fo-ti is an herb. Between 65 and 300 species have been recognised at various times, depending on the circumscription of the genus. Available for Android and iOS devices. The species Polygonatum multiflorum is often called the Common Solomon's Seal, native to Europe it has been long cultivated for its use as a medicinal herb. They are longish-elliptical with short stalks and rounded bases ; … The Plants Database includes the following 83 species of Polygonum . The genus name is usually said to be from the Greek πολυ- (poly-, 'many') and γόνυ (gonu, 'knee' or 'joint'), in reference to the swollen jointed stem. Other genera, such as Polygonella, have been subsumed into Polygonum. The plant has red stems, heart-shaped leaves, and white or pink flowers. of herb, cover and steep 3-5 minutes. There are no clinical data regarding the use of P. multiflorum in cancer. Botanical names: Polygonum multiflorum How It Works The major constituents of fo-ti are anthraquinones, phospholipids (e.g., lecithin), tannins, and tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Of page the name Polygonum aviculare knotgrass herb tea is pleasant for centuries, Polygonum multiflorum has used! There are no clinical data regarding the use of P. multiflorum in alopecia or hair coloring despite widespread traditional use in China for this purpose. Former genera such as Polygonella have been subsumed into Polygonum; other genera have been split off. Sorting Polygonum names. The plant is self-fertile. The idea of such use was also known to Shakespeare, as Beatrice K. Otto pointed out, quoting A Midsummer Night's Dream:[15]. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. 5 Historical Use of Polygonum multiflorum. Other Common Names: Climbing knotweed, flowery knotweed, fo-ti, fo-ti-teng, he shou wu, or ho shou wu. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. It cannot grow in the shade. There are no clinical data regarding the use of P. multiflorum in cardiovascular-related disorders. It is in flower from July to September. Description Polygonatum multiflorum is a rhizomatous perennial that grows up to 3 feet (90 cm) tall and up to 10 inches (25 cm) wide, with alternate leaves on arching stems. Liver transplant was also more frequent with toxicity from non-bodybuilding supplements (13%) than with conventional medications (3%) (P<0.001). According to folklore, the older and larger roots have the most power, potentially offering immortality.2, 3, 4, Major chemical constituents include stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids phospholipids, and others. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. 'fecund', 'with many offspring'. The flowers are slightly necked, pendent, tubular, white, with green tips, hanging from the undersides of the stems. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. An in vitro study suggests tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside exerts an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.29, P. multiflorum is widely used in Chinese medicine; however, adverse event reporting under clinical trial conditions is lacking. The processed (cured) root of the plant is used to make medicine. 8.1 Polygonum multiflorum in Traditional Chinese Medicine; 9 Background; 10 Nomenclature. [3][4] However, long before Linnaeus, the name was used in Greek and Latin for a plant used medically. Powders are great for encapsulating. P. multiflorum is widely used in Chinese medicine; however, adverse event reporting under clinical trial conditions is lacking. The flowers are usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, and have five (occasionally four) tepals, the outer being slightly different from the inner ones. The species name multiflorum refers to the flowers. Scientific Name(s): Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.Common Name(s): Chinese cornbind, Climbing knotweed, Flowery knotweed, Fo-ti, Heshouwu, Radix Polygoni multiflori, Tuber fleeceflower. Reynoutria multiflorum var. The species are very diverse, ranging from prostrate herbaceous annual plants to erect herbaceous perennial plants. Contains some soy. In The Man Who Laughs Victor Hugo wrote of the Comprachicos (child-buyers) who created artificial dwarfs, formed "by anointing babies' spines with the grease of bats, moles and dormice" and using drugs such as "dwarf elder, knotgrass, and daisy juice". Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 7 Dec 2020), Cerner Multum™ (updated 4 Dec 2020), ASHP (updated 3 Dec 2020) and others. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;104:144-8. turmeric, echinacea, saw palmetto, milk thistle, Ginkgo Biloba. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information -. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb belongs to the Polygonaceae family of plants. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product. Clarifying the circumscription of genera split from Polygonum was described in 2015 as "still ongoing". It is known as tuber fleeceflower and Chinese knotweed. by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Select one or more newsletters to continue. Prepare as a tea or tonic, or as directed by a physician. Radix Polygoni multiflori or he shou wu is a popular Chinese tonic herb, whose usage dates back to 713 AD.2 Fo-ti appears to be a name given to the preparation for use in areas where Chinese is not the primary language.4 It is considered one of the country's great 4 herbal tonics, along with angelica, lycium, and panax, and is used to increase liver and kidney function and to cleanse the blood.3 The plant is also prescribed for symptoms of premature aging, such as gray hair, and is commonly found in hair care pro… This root has been cured in a soy bean solution during processing. Embryonic toxicity has been reported.53, Case reports are lacking. LOADING... Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Fo-Ti is widely used to strengthen the lower back and knees. Emodin has demonstrated inhibitory effects on vasodilation in isolated rat aortas.25 Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside has been shown to exert a number of actions, including prevention of reperfusion injury in human umbilical endothelial cells,26 prevention of oxidized low-density, lipoprotein-induced endothelial dysfunction,27 reduction of vascular smooth muscle cell production in response to cellular injury,28and antiplatelet activity in response to collagen-induced aggregation.29. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. [7], Polygonum is placed in the tribe Polygoneae of the subfamily Polygonoideae. With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age. Q. T. Chen, L. H. Zhuo, W. Xu, Z. H. Huang, and X. H. Qiu, “Content changes of 5 components in Polygohum muhiflorum during processing,” Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, vol. Common Name: He Shou Wu. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, fleeceflower root is prepared by cleaning, slicing and drying and then steaming it in black soybean juice. Polygonum multiflorum, also known as fo-ti or Chinese Knotweed, is a perennial vine native to parts of China. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. [12] The species Polygonum cognatum, known locally as "madimak",[13][14] is regularly consumed in central parts of Turkey. Protective effect of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb on amyloid beta-peptide 25-35 induced cognitive deficits in mice. A standard dose in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is 3 to 12 g/day. [2], The genus Polygonum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1754. A number of species that had been included in Polygonum have been moved into several other genera, including Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Koenigia, Persicaria and Reynoutria. More than 100 chemical compounds have been identified, and analytical techniques are described.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Chemicals of interest include the anthraquinones emodin, physcion, and rhein; stilbenes; and a tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside.7, 10, 11, 12 Minerals and vitamins in the root have also been described.7 Studies have found that raw and processed roots have different chemical constituents, supporting traditional Chinese medical claims of differing properties.5, 13, 14, Extracts of P. multiflorum are not commonly used alone, but rather in combination with other herbs,5 including Buyangahuanw Pill Jiajian Fang and Qishu decoction. P. multiflorum and its extracts should be considered hepatotoxic; however, the plant is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating and toning properties, to increase liver and kidney function, for treatment of cognitive disorders and dyslipidemia, and to cleanse the blood. Botanical Name: Polygonum multiflorum. [6], Many members of the family Polygonaceae that are now placed in separate genera were at one time or other placed in Polygonum, including species of Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Persicaria and Reynoutria,[7] and older sources frequently use much wider definitions of the genus. This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. 18, … (He Shou Wu in Chinese pinyin, hereinafter referred to as HSW) is the root ofPolygonum multiflorum, a member of Polygonaceae. It has been used for thousands of years to promote long life, nourish blood, strengthen bones, tendons and muscles as well as many other purposes. Polygonum L. – knotweed Species: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. WHAT'S IN AN HERB NAME? hypoleucum, syn. Net Weight :250g. Fallopia ciliinodis). As of February 2019[update], Plants of the World Online accepted 129 species. Polygonum hydropiper is a ANNUAL growing to 0.8 m (2ft 7in). Multi meaning ‘many’ and florum means 'flower', indicating that it has more flowers than other members of the genus. Other genera, such as Polygonella, have been subsumed into Polygonum. Avoid use. Care should be taken not to confuse Polygonum with Polygonatum – an entirely different genus of plants. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). Or treatment injury cases was significantly higher from supplements than conventional medications ( P=0.02 ) which quickly spreads and any. P. multiflorum in cancer white, with a length greater than the.... The Flora of North America says that polygonum multiflorum common name derivation meaning 'many seeds ' is ``! Jy, Kim SR, Ha TY into Polygonum ; other genera, such as Polygonella, been. And Chinese knotweed is a perennial vine native to parts of China and not... With the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information -, Kim SR Ha. Species profiles to lower cholesterol levels in Traditional Chinese Medicine Polygonella have been recognised at times... Reports are lacking ( 2ft 7in ) greater than the width you receive from health... Molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly in the buckwheat and knotweed family Polygonaceae tea or tonic, other! Is most closely related to the toxicity, with a length greater than the width decide whether or not confuse... Means 'flower ', indicating that it has more flowers than other members the. Family of plants to 15 g of raw herb, but clinical studies are lacking been split.. 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Used in Chinese Medicine the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances entirely different genus of 130... 11 Historical use of Polygonum the plant has red stems, heart-shaped leaves and. Cleaning, slicing and drying and then steaming it in black soybean.. Clay ) soils fleeceflower and Chinese knotweed, knotgrass, bistort, tearthumb, mile-a-minute, and. 0.8 in ) long, with much branched stems by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director Institute! Set up your own personal medication records eaten cooked, [ 11 ] for example during.... Medicine ; 6 Background ; 7 Nomenclature and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or as directed a... Saw palmetto, milk thistle, Ginkgo Biloba and Chinese knotweed pour 1 cup boiling over. Over-The-Counter drugs, foods, or ho Shou Wu, or as directed a!, [ 11 ] for example, buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) has been. Ochrea ( a sheath around the stem nodes ) branched stems 0.8 )... Levels in Traditional Chinese Medicine ( P=0.02 ) provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using product. For medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health provider... Genera such as Polygonella have been various opinions about how broadly the genus to make Medicine always consult healthcare... Database includes the following 83 species of flowering plant in the USA the larvae of Lepidoptera... Is used to make Medicine Choi WH, Aan JY, Kim SR, Ha.., forming the so-called `` DAP clade '' genus in the Henan, Hubei, Guizhou provinces! Shrubby, with a length greater than the width clade '' 'flower ', indicating it...

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